McDonald's make a lot of people angry for a lot of different reasons.
NUTRITION
Nutritionists, for example, argue that the type of high fat, low
fibre diet promoted by McDonald's is linked to serious diseases
such as cancer, heart disease, obesity and diabetes. The sort of diseases
that are now responsible for nearly three-quarters of premature deaths in
the western
world. McDonald's respond that the scientific evidence is not conclusive
and that their food can be a valuable part of a balanced diet.
Some people say McDonald's are entitled to sell junk food in exactly
the same way that chocolate or cream cake manufacturers do: if people want
to buy it that's their decision. But should McDonald's be allowed to
advertise their products as nutritious? Why do they sponsor sports events
when they sell unhealthy products? And what on earth are they doing opening
restaurants in hospitals?
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ENVIRONMENT
Conservationists have often focussed on McDonald's as
an industry leader promoting business practices detrimental to the
environment. And yet the company spends a fortune promoting itself as environmentally friendly.
What's the story?
One of the most well-known and sensitive questions about McDonald's is: are they
responsible for the destruction of tropical forests to make way for cattle
ranching? McDonald's say no. Many people say yes. So McDonald's sue them.
Not so many people say yes anymore, but does this mean McDonald's aren't
responsible?
They annually produce over a million tons of packaging, used for just a few minutes before being discarded.
What environmental effect does the production and
disposal of all this have? Is their record on recycling and recycled
products as green as they make out? Are they responsible for litter on the
streets, or is that the fault of the customer who drops it? Can any
multinational company operating on McDonald's scale not contribute to
global warming, ozone destruction, depletion of mineral resources and the
destruction of natural habitats?
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ADVERTISING
McDonald's spend over two billion dollars each year on advertising: the
Golden Arches are now more recognised than the Christian Cross. Using
collectable toys, television adverts, promotional schemes in schools and
figures such as Ronald McDonald the company bombards their main target
group: children. Many parents object strongly to the influence
this has over their own children.
McDonald's argue that their advertising is no worse than anyone else's and
that they adhere to all the advertising codes in each country. But others
argue it still amounts to cynical exploitation of children - some consumer
organisations are calling for a ban on advertising to children. Why do
McDonald's sponsor so many school events and learning programmes? Are their
Children's Charities genuine philanthropy or is there a more explicit
publicity and profit motive?
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EMPLOYMENT
The Corporation has pioneered a global, highly standardised and fast
production-line system, geared to maximum turnover of products and profits.
McDonald's now employ more than a million mostly young people around the
world: some say a million people who might otherwise be out of work, others
however consider that they are in fact a net destroyer of jobs by using low
wages and the huge size of their business to undercut local food outlets and
thereby force them out of business. Is McDonald's a great job
opportunity or are they taking advantage of high unemployment to
exploit the most vulnerable people in society, working them very hard for
very little money? Complaints from employees range from discrimination and
lack of rights, to understaffing, few breaks and illegal hours, to poor
safety conditions and kitchens flooded with sewage, and the sale of food
that has been dropped on the floor. This type of low-paid work has even
been termed 'McJobs'.
Trade Unionists don't like McDonald's either. The company is notorious for
the vehemence with which they try to crush any unionisation attempt. They
argue that all their workers are happy and that any problems can be worked
out directly without the need for interference from a third party, but are
they in
fact just desperate to prevent any efforts by the workers to improve wages
and conditions?
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ANIMALS
Vegetarians and animal welfare campaigners aren't too keen on McDonald's -
for obvious reasons. As the world's largest user of beef they are
responsible for the slaughter of hundreds of thousands of cows per year. In
Europe alone they use half a million chickens every week, all from
windowless factory farms. All such animals suffer great cruelty during their
unnatural, painful and short lives, many being kept inside with no access to
fresh air and sunshine, and no freedom of movement - how can such cruelty be
measured? Is it acceptable for the food industry to exploit animals at all?
Again, McDonald's argue that they stick to the letter of the law and if
there are any problems it is a matter for government. They also claim to be
concerned with animal welfare.
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EXPANSION
In 1996 McDonald's opened in India for the first time: a country where the
majority of the population is vegetarian and the cow is sacred. Just one
example of the inexorable spread of western multinationals into every
corner of the globe. A spread which is creating a globalised system in
which wealth is drained out of local economies into the hands of a very
few, very rich elite. Can people challenge the undermining of long-lived and
stable cultures, and regional diversity? Self-sufficient and sustainable
farming is replaced by cash crops and agribusiness under control of
multinationals - but how are people fighting back?
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FREE SPEECH
So, it seems as though lots of people are opposed to the way
McDonald's go about their business. So there is a big global debate going
on about them right? Wrong. McDonald's know full well how important their
public image is and how damaging it would be to them if any of the
allegations started becoming well-known amongst their customers. So they
use their financial clout to influence the media, and legal powers to
intimidate people into not speaking out, directly threatening free speech.
The list of media organisations who have been sued in the past is daunting,
and the number of publications suppressed or pulped is frightening. But what
are the lessons of the successful and ever-growing anti-McDonald's campaign
for those also determined to challenge those institutions which currently
dominate society?
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CAPITALISM
Nobody is arguing that the huge and growing global environmental and social
crisis is entirely the fault of one high-profile burger chain, or even just
the whole food industry. McDonald's are of course simply a particularly
arrogant, shiny and self-important example of a system which values profits
at the expense of anything else. Even if McDonald's were to close down
tomorrow someone else would simply slip straight into their position. There
is a much more fundamental problem than Big Macs and French Fries: capitalism.
But what
about anti-capitalist beliefs like socialism and anarchism? Is it possible
to create a world run by ordinary people themselves, without multinationals
and governments - a world based on sharing, freedom and respect for all life?
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So that's why Helen and Dave gave up six years to fight McDonald's in
court, why thousands of people around the world have handed out millions of
leaflets, and why we've spent so long making this website. It's not because
we're a bunch of vegetable-munching fanatics (although we are) - it's
because the philosophy which McDonald's symbolise is
steamrollering the planet and we'd like to feel we did a little something to
get in its way.
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