Day 040 - 21 Oct 94 - Page 39

     
     1        back after lunch for any legal matters?
     2
     3   MR. JUSTICE BELL:  No, I would not do at all.  But I want you to
     4        be realistic; if you mean quarter past one, fair enough; if
     5        you really mean half past, I am going to adjourn until
     6        2 o'clock.  If you are in any doubt, I am going to adjourn
     7        even though it would no doubt be convenient to us all if we
     8        finished now.  (Pause).
     9
    10                     Re-examined by the Defendants
    11
    12   MR. MORRIS:  We will finish by quarter past -- we will try to
    13        anyway.  (To the witness):  It is not in any particular
    14        order:  Mr. Rampton asked you whether JECFA take notice of
    15        independent views such as your own.  Just one question, are
    16        concerns about additives growing in Europe as a whole and
    17        are independent voices being considered more than they used
    18        to be?
    19        A.  Until about 1984 or 1985 there were no independent
    20        voices in this country at all.  That situation did not
         changed until then.  There were few independent voices in
    22        Holland until about 1988, and they are now making
    23        themselves heard.  Increasingly there are now some
    24        independent voices making themselves heard in Denmark and
    25        Italy.  Yes, the country with a long-standing history of
    26        independent voices on this matter in the European Community
    27        was Germany.  That started, I believe, in the late 70s or
    28        early 80s.
    29
    30   Q.   So the general direction is?
    31        A.  Increased concern.
    32
    33   Q.   Increased independent voices?
    34        A.  Yes.
    35
    36   Q.   On the Russian study which mistakenly characterised 13 out
    37        of 15 rather than 13 out of 48, you said that was still a
    38        significant result?
    39        A.  Oh, most certainly is.
    40
    Q.   27 per cent of cancers.  You did criticise the 15 as a low
    42        sample in any event but with 48 being a more coherent ---
    43        A.  It is better.
    44
    45   Q.   -- sample.
    46        A.  It is better.  The power of a study goes up with the
    47        square root of the sample size.
    48
    49   MR. JUSTICE BELL:  It sounds as if it was the standard figure,
    50        does it not? 
    51        A.  Yes, close to it. 
    52 
    53   MR. RAMPTON:  Two fell by the wayside. There were 50 originally.
    54
    55   MR. MORRIS:  So, 27 per cent?
    56        A.  I am not sure whether that was 50 per -- were they all
    57        one gender?  Typically you would have 50 males and 50
    58        females, not 50 altogether.
    59
    60   MR. MORRIS:  The point I am making is that the 27 per cent of 50